1)

The criterion  for a spontaneous process is


A) $\triangle G > 0$

B) $\triangle G < 0$

C) $\triangle G$ = 0

D) $\triangle S _{total}< 0$

Answer:

Option B

Explanation:

The criterion for a spontaneous process is $\triangle $ G <0.

 Gibbs free energy is the maximum amount of energy available to a system  during a process, that can be converted in to useful work

 $\triangle G= \triangle H- T\triangle S$

 It is called the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation and useful in predicting  the spontaneity of the process

if $\triangle G$ = -ve , the process is spontaneous

if $\triangle $ G=+ve, the process is a non-spontaneous process

 If $\triangle$ G= zero , the process is in equilibrium